化学
背景(考古学)
离子液体
绿色化学
持续性
溶剂
深共晶溶剂
超临界流体
环境污染
可再生能源
可持续发展
有机化学
环境保护
共晶体系
环境科学
催化作用
古生物学
法学
工程类
电气工程
生物
合金
生态学
政治学
作者
Coby J. Clarke,Wei-Chien Tu,Oliver Levers,Andreas Bröhl,Jason P. Hallett
出处
期刊:Chemical Reviews
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2018-01-04
卷期号:118 (2): 747-800
被引量:1506
标识
DOI:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571
摘要
Sustainable solvents are a topic of growing interest in both the research community and the chemical industry due to a growing awareness of the impact of solvents on pollution, energy usage, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Solvent losses represent a major portion of organic pollution, and solvent removal represents a large proportion of process energy consumption. To counter these issues, a range of greener or more sustainable solvents have been proposed and developed over the past three decades. Much of the focus has been on the environmental credentials of the solvent itself, although how a substance is deployed is as important to sustainability as what it is made from. In this Review, we consider several aspects of the most prominent sustainable organic solvents in use today, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, supercritical fluids, switchable solvents, liquid polymers, and renewable solvents. We examine not only the performance of each class of solvent within the context of the reactions or extractions for which it is employed, but also give consideration to the wider context of the process and system within which the solvent is deployed. A wide range of technical, economic, and environmental factors are considered, giving a more complete picture of the current status of sustainable solvent research and development.
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