Castasterone and citric acid treatment restores photosynthetic attributes in Brassica juncea L. under Cd(II) toxicity

芸苔属 化学 油菜素甾醇 叶绿素 脯氨酸 植物毒性 毒性 过氧化氢酶 柠檬酸 类胡萝卜素 光合作用 园艺 植物 抗氧化剂 食品科学 生物 生物化学 氨基酸 基因 拟南芥 有机化学 突变体
作者
Ravdeep Kaur,Poonam Yadav,Anket Sharma,Ashwani Kumar Thukral,Vinod Kumar,Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli,Renu Bhardwaj
出处
期刊:Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety [Elsevier]
卷期号:145: 466-475 被引量:92
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.067
摘要

Cadmium(II) toxicity is a serious environmental issue warranting effective measures for its mitigation. In the present study, ameliorative effects of a bioactive brassinosteroid, castasterone (CS) and low molecular weight organic acid, citric acid (CA) against the Cd(II) toxicity to Brassica juncea L. were evaluated. Seeds of B. juncea treated with CS (0, 0.01, 1 and 100 nM) were sown in cadmium spiked soils (0 and 0.6 mmol kg−1 soil). CA (0.6 mmol kg−1soil) was added to soil one week after sowing seeds. Plants were harvested 30 days after sowing. Phytotoxicity induced by Cd(II) was evident from stunted growth of the plants, malondialdehyde accumulation, reduction in chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, and leaf gas exchange parameters. Cd(II) toxicity was effectively alleviated by seed soaking with CS (100 nM) and/ or soil amendment with CA (0.6 mM kg−1 soil). Relative gene expression of genes encoding for some of the key enzymes of pigment metabolism were also analysed. Expression of chlorophyllase (CHLASE) was reduced, while that of phytoene synthase (PSY), and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes were enhanced with CS and/or CA treatments with respect to plants treated with Cd(II) only. Cd also affected the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Plants responded to Cd(II) by accumulation of total sugars. CS (100 nM) and CA treatments further enhanced the activities of these parameters and induced the contents of secondary plant pigments (flavonoids and anthocyanins) and proline. The results imply that seed treatment with CS and soil application with CA can effectively alleviate Cd(II) induced toxicity in B. juncea by strengthening its antioxidative defence system and enhancing compatible solute accumulation.
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