Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states

胆汁酸 肠道菌群 生物 生物转化 微生物学 生物化学 微生物代谢 新陈代谢 失调 微生物群 肝肠循环 细菌 生物信息学 遗传学
作者
Christopher Staley,Alexa R. Weingarden,Alexander Khoruts,Michael J. Sadowsky
出处
期刊:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology [Springer Nature]
卷期号:101 (1): 47-64 被引量:395
标识
DOI:10.1007/s00253-016-8006-6
摘要

Primary bile acids serve important roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, host-microbe interactions, and regulatory pathways in the human host. While most bile acids are reabsorbed and recycled via enterohepatic cycling, ∼5% serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation in the colon. Enzymes involved in various transformations have been characterized from cultured gut bacteria and reveal taxa-specific distribution. More recently, bioinformatic approaches have revealed greater diversity in isoforms of these enzymes, and the microbial species in which they are found. Thus, the functional roles played by the bile acid-transforming gut microbiota and the distribution of resulting secondary bile acids, in the bile acid pool, may be profoundly affected by microbial community structure and function. Bile acids and the composition of the bile acid pool have historically been hypothesized to be associated with several disease states, including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and several cancers. Recently, however, emphasis has been placed on how microbial communities in the dysbiotic gut may alter the bile acid pool to potentially cause or mitigate disease onset. This review highlights the current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbial community, bile acid biotransformation, and disease states, and addresses future directions to better understand these complex associations.
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