Combinatorial slot-die coating for high-throughput compositional screening of perovskite solar cells

薄膜 材料科学 钙钛矿(结构) 甲脒 卤化物 结晶 涂层 碘化物 化学工程 纳米技术 化学 有机化学 工程类
作者
Jinzhao Li,Oleksandra Shargaieva,Natalia Maticiuc,Ivo Žižak,Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil,Eva Unger
出处
期刊:Research Square - Research Square
标识
DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2800085/v1
摘要

Abstract We here present a generic methodology enabling the accelerated optimization of the composition and processes conditions for functional solution-processable materials compatible with later transfer of optimized conditions to scaled device manufacturing. In combinatorial slot-die coating, two or more precursor inks are fed with different rates into the slot-die enabling fast screening of the precursor solution composition on coating property in one experimental run, which can either be implemented as consecutive coatings with different compositions or as a continuous compositional gradient. As a first example, we here present combinatorially slot-die coated halide perovskite thin-films ranging from the precursor compositions of pure formamidinium lead iodide, FAPbI 3 , to methylammonium lead bromide, MAPbBr 3 . In this series, both the optical and morphological properties of the deposited thin-films change dramatically. An increasing faction of MAPbBr 3 resulted in larger optical bandgaps. At very high MAPbBr 3 ratios, differences in the thin-film crystallization kinetics due to the simultaneous change of the precursor solution solvent resulted in thin-films with low quality morphology. The spatial compositional homogeneity of the coated thin-films was characterized by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering mapping. We fabricated inverted perovskite solar cells in the full compositional range and found a performance maximum for FAPbI 3 -richer devices with a MAPbBr 3 -content of 20 mol%. The performance maximum can be rationalized with the improved thermodynamic stability of the halide perovskite crystal structure due to a more ideal tolerance factor upon incorporation of the smaller methylammonium cation and bromide anion into the crystal structure. At high MAPbBr 3 -content, the device performance drops due to two effects: light-induced phase-segregation and a dramatically decreased thin-film morphology exhibiting pinholes. The example highlights the critical balance of precursor solution composition and processing conditions as the crystallization kinetics critically affect the resulting thin-film quality and morphology. This generic methodology can be further optimized and exploited to identify optimal precursor solution compositions and process conditions to achieve high-quality thin films with a target composition and sample morphology with high experimental throughput.
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