薄膜
材料科学
钙钛矿(结构)
甲脒
卤化物
结晶
涂层
碘化物
化学工程
纳米技术
化学
有机化学
工程类
作者
Jinzhao Li,Oleksandra Shargaieva,Natalia Maticiuc,Ivo Žižak,Emil J. W. List‐Kratochvil,Eva Unger
出处
期刊:Research Square - Research Square
日期:2023-04-11
标识
DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2800085/v1
摘要
Abstract We here present a generic methodology enabling the accelerated optimization of the composition and processes conditions for functional solution-processable materials compatible with later transfer of optimized conditions to scaled device manufacturing. In combinatorial slot-die coating, two or more precursor inks are fed with different rates into the slot-die enabling fast screening of the precursor solution composition on coating property in one experimental run, which can either be implemented as consecutive coatings with different compositions or as a continuous compositional gradient. As a first example, we here present combinatorially slot-die coated halide perovskite thin-films ranging from the precursor compositions of pure formamidinium lead iodide, FAPbI 3 , to methylammonium lead bromide, MAPbBr 3 . In this series, both the optical and morphological properties of the deposited thin-films change dramatically. An increasing faction of MAPbBr 3 resulted in larger optical bandgaps. At very high MAPbBr 3 ratios, differences in the thin-film crystallization kinetics due to the simultaneous change of the precursor solution solvent resulted in thin-films with low quality morphology. The spatial compositional homogeneity of the coated thin-films was characterized by grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering mapping. We fabricated inverted perovskite solar cells in the full compositional range and found a performance maximum for FAPbI 3 -richer devices with a MAPbBr 3 -content of 20 mol%. The performance maximum can be rationalized with the improved thermodynamic stability of the halide perovskite crystal structure due to a more ideal tolerance factor upon incorporation of the smaller methylammonium cation and bromide anion into the crystal structure. At high MAPbBr 3 -content, the device performance drops due to two effects: light-induced phase-segregation and a dramatically decreased thin-film morphology exhibiting pinholes. The example highlights the critical balance of precursor solution composition and processing conditions as the crystallization kinetics critically affect the resulting thin-film quality and morphology. This generic methodology can be further optimized and exploited to identify optimal precursor solution compositions and process conditions to achieve high-quality thin films with a target composition and sample morphology with high experimental throughput.
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