Synthesis of enantiopure 1,2,3-triazolylidene-type mesoionic carbene (MIC) conjugate acids featuring a rigid bicyclic scaffold

Chiral NHCs have found numerous applications as ligands for transition metals and in their own right for asymmetric catalysis. We report a synthetic route from l -malic acid to enantiopure 1,2,3-triazoliums with the chiral center in a fused ring.