Light‐Controlled Bioorthogonal Chemistry Altered Natural Killer Cell Activity for Boosted Adoptive Immunotherapy

Natural killer (NK) cell‐based immunotherapy has received much attention in recent years. However, the practical application is still suffering from the decreased function, inadequate infiltration, and immunosuppressive microenvironment in solid tumor. Herein, we construct the light‐responsive porphyrin Fe array‐armed NK cells (denoted as NK@p‐Fe) for cell behavior modulation via bioorthogonal catalysis. By installing cholesterol‐modified porphyrin Fe molecules on NK cell surface, it forms a catalytic array with light‐harvesting capabilities. This functionality transforms NK cells into cellular factories, capable of catalyzing the production of active agents in a light‐controlled manner. The NK@p‐Fe can generate active antineoplastic drug doxorubicin through bioorthogonal reactions to enhance the cytotoxic function of NK cells. Beyond drug synthesis, the NK@p‐Fe can also bioorthogonally catalyze to produce FDA approved immune agonist, imiquimod (IMQ). The activated immune agonist plays a dual role by inducing DC maturation for NK cells activation and reshaping tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment for NK cells infiltration. This work represents a paradigm for modulation of adoptive cell behaviors to boost cancer immunotherapy by bioorthogonal catalysis.