蛋白尿
医学
肾脏疾病
肾功能
糖尿病
2型糖尿病
尿
内科学
肌酐
重症监护医学
泌尿科
内分泌学
作者
Katarina Lalić,Ljiljana Popović,Sandra Singh Lukač,Iva Rasulić,Ana Petakov,Milica Krstić,Milena Mitrović,Aleksandra Jotić,Nebojša Lalić
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111819
摘要
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is estimated that 40 % of people with diabetes have CKD, which consequently leads to increase in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is leading cause of CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. On the other hand, DKD is independent risk factor for CVDs, stroke and overall mortality. According to the guidelines, using spot urine sample and assessing urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are both mandatory methods for screening of CKD in T2D at diagnosis and at least annually thereafter. Diagnosis of CKD is confirmed by persistent albuminuria followed by a progressive decline in eGFR in two urine samples at an interval of 3 to 6 months. However, many patients with T2D remain underdiagnosed and undertreated, so there is an urgent need to improve the screening by detection of albuminuria at all levels of health care. This review discusses the importance of albuminuria as a marker of CKD and cardiorenal risk and provides insights into the practical aspects of methods for determination of albuminuria in routine clinical care of patients with T2D.
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