Hydrogen storage

This chapter presents an overview of the key hydrogen storage approaches being pursued. It discusses the recent status of hydrogen storage options and provides an outlook for the development of hydrogen storage technologies. It commences with an introduction to the need for hydrogen and highlights hydrogen storage as a key challenge. The physical storage of hydrogen, which encompasses compressed, cryogenic and cryo-compressed hydrogen, is then addressed. This is followed by a discussion of adsorption storage, wherein metal–organic frameworks, carbon-based materials, and porous organic polymers are presented as the most widely studied classes of materials in this field. Next, the chemical storage of hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides, liquid organic carriers, ammonia, formic acid, and methanol is described. The different hydrogen storage options are then compared, and some examples of underground hydrogen storage and storage for mobility are reported. Finally, some concluding remarks are presented.