Lattice Boltzmann model for the low-Mach number variable-density flow

In this work, we present a pressure-based double-population lattice Boltzmann model for the low-Mach number variable-density flow. The model is simple, stable, and purely local. The asymptotic analysis of the model indicates that it recovers the continuity, momentum, and energy equations describing the low-Mach number variable-density flow. The comparisons between the simulation results using the proposed model and the numerical data reported by previous studies demonstrate that the model can accurately predict the drag coefficient and the Nusselt number for a sphere and a prolate ellipsoid in low-Mach number variable-density flow over a wide range of Reynolds numbers.