Abstract Poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) immobilized on support materials are valuable alternatives to aqueous amine solutions for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) capture from the atmosphere since the thermal desorption of CO 2 from these materials usually requires less energy. Herein, fibrous PEI‐functionalized carrier systems based on cellulose, cellulose tosylate (CT), and cellulose carbamate (CC) are described. Branched PEI is used for functionalization since higher CO 2 sorption capacities compared to linear PEIs can be achieved. Under wet conditions, a PEI‐functionalized nonwoven material has a sorption capacity of 0.026 mg CO 2 /mg adsorbent; complete and reversible CO 2 desorption is accomplished at 80 °C.