Tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and immune cell composition in a novel syngeneic PSA‐targeted Pten knockout mouse prostate cancer (MuCaP) model

Background Prostate cancer is recognized as a heterogeneous disease demanding appropriate preclinical models that reflect tumor complexity. Previously, we established the PSA‐Cre ; PtenLoxP/LoxP genetic engineered mouse model (GEMM) for prostate cancer reflecting the various stages of tumor development. Prostate tumors in this Pten KO model slowly develop, requiring more than 10 months. In order to enhance its practical utility, we established a syngeneic panel of cell lines derived from PSA‐Cre targeted Pten KO tumors, designated the mouse prostate cancer (MuCap) model. Methods Four different MuCaP epithelial cell lines were established from three independent primary Pten KO mouse prostate tumors. Tumorigenic capacity of the MuCaP cell lines was determined by subcutaneous inoculation of these cell lines in immunocompetent mice. Response to PI3K‐targeted therapy was validated in ex vivo tissue slices of the established MuCaP tumors. Results The MuCaP cell lines were all tumorigenic in immunocompetent mice after subcutaneous inoculation. Interestingly, these syngrafted tumors represented different tumor growth rates and morphologies. Treatment with the specific PI3K inhibitor GDC0941 resulted in responses very similar between syngeneic MuCaP and primary Pten KO prostate tumors. Finally, immunoprofiling of the different syngeneic MuCaP tumors demonstrated differential numbers of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and distinct immune gene profiles with expression of CD8, INFy, and PD1 being inversely related to tumor aggressiveness. Conclusions Collectively, we present here a well‐defined MuCaP platform of in vitro and in vivo mouse prostate cancer models that may support preclinical assessment of (immune)‐therapies for prostate cancer.