Aqueous rechargeable sodium ion batteries: developments and prospects

Aqueous rechargeable sodium ion batteries (ASIBs) are low-cost and highly safe, which deserves more research in electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the developments of ASIBs are limited by its narrower thermodynamic voltage window (1.23 V) and lower energy density compared to the organic system. Therefore, widening the stable window of aqueous electrolyte and finding the new electrode materials of high capacity have become the focus of ASIBs researches. This review overviews the recent developments in electrode materials, and strategies for widening the stable window of aqueous electrolyte and constructing long-life for ASIBs. This review also briefly discusses the future challenges and perspectives of ASIBs.