气溶胶
燃烧
纳米颗粒
材料科学
纳米技术
相(物质)
化学工程
化学
有机化学
工程类
作者
Reto Strobel,Sotiris E. Pratsinis
摘要
Recent advances in aerosol and combustion science and engineering now allow scalable flame synthesis of mixed oxides, metal salts and even pure metals in the form of nanoparticles and films with closely controlled characteristics. In this way, high purity materials with novel metastable phases are made that are not accessible by conventional wet-phase and solid state processes. Here, flame processes are classified into vapour-fed and liquid-fed ones depending on the employed state of the metal precursor. Liquid-fed flame processes are distinguished for their flexibility in producing materials of various compositions and morphologies that result in unique product functionalities. Parameters controlling the characteristics of flame-made particles and films are summarized and selected classes of materials are reviewed focusing on catalysts, sensors, biomaterials (orthopaedic, dental or nutritional), electroceramics (fuel cells, batteries) and phosphors exhibiting superior performance over conventionally made ones. Just a few years ago it seemed impossible to make these materials in the gas phase. Finally, health effects of such particles are discussed while future challenges and opportunities for flame-made materials are highlighted.
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