Uterine sarcomas

Abstract Uterine sarcomas account for approximately 3%–7% of all uterine cancers. Since carcinosarcomas are currently classified as metaplastic carcinomas, leiomyosarcomas remain the most common subtype. Exclusion of several histologic variants of leiomyoma, as well as atypical smooth muscle tumors (so‐called “smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential”), has highlighted that the vast majority of leiomyosarcomas are high‐grade tumors associated with poor prognosis even when apparently confined to the uterus. Low‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas are indolent tumors associated with long‐term survival. High‐grade endometrial stromal sarcomas and undifferentiated endometrial sarcomas behave more aggressively than tumors showing nuclear uniformity. Adenosarcomas have a favorable prognosis except for tumors showing myometrial invasion or sarcomatous overgrowth. The prognosis for carcinosarcomas (which are considered here in a postscript fashion) is usually worse than that for grade 3 endometrial carcinomas. Tumor stage is the single most important prognostic factor for uterine sarcomas.