Recent advances on the treatment of domestic wastewater by biological aerated filter

Recently, biological aerated filter (BAF) has been regarded as a promising wastewater treatment technology due to its limited land usage and enhanced treatment efficiency. Low-cost biological fillers in the BAF allowed for the presence of a large population of organisms, and excellent treatment efficiency within a limited residence time. However, some challenging issues, such as easily being blocked and low phosphorus removal efficiency, still need to be resolved. Till now, several advanced BAF technologies have been developed and demonstrated effective for large-scale engineering applications. This chapter summarizes the recent advances on the BAF technology with a particular focus on the treatment of low-strength wastewater such as domestic wastewater.