Global Cardiac Surgical Volume and Gaps: Trends, Targets, and Way Forward

TAKEAWAYS• High-income countries perform an average total cardiac surgical volume of 123.2 per 100,000 population per year;• Adjusted for cardiovascular disease burdens, estimated total cardiac surgical volume targets are 86.1 procedures per 100,000 population per year for upper-middle-income countries, 55.1 for lower-middle-income countries, and 40.2 for low-income countries.