心理学
认知
发展心理学
人口
老年学
临床心理学
心理干预
年轻人
医学
精神科
环境卫生
作者
Megan Zuelsdorff,Amanda Sonnega,Lisa L. Barnes,DeAnnah R. Byrd,Deborah Rose,Robynn Cox,Derek Norton,Robert Turner
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jagp.2023.09.015
摘要
ABSTRACT
Sociocontextual factors powerfully shape risk for age-related cognitive impairment, including excess risk burdening medically underserved populations. Lifecourse adversity associates with cognitive aging, but harms are likely mitigable. Understanding population-salient relationships and sensitive periods for exposure is crucial for targeting clinical interventions. Objective
The authors examined childhood and adulthood traumatic events in relation to cognition among black and white older adults in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Participants
Participants (N = 13,952) aged 55+ had complete lifetime trauma and cognitive testing data at the 2006/08, 2010/12, and/or 2014/16 waves. Measures
Trauma indices comprised childhood and adulthood event counts. Outcomes included baseline performance and trajectories on the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status. Design
Main and nonlinear trauma effects were modeled via linear regression, and overall contributions assessed with omnibus likelihood ratio tests. Results
Black participants (N = 2,345) reported marginally lower adulthood trauma exposure than white participants (N = 11,607) with no other exposure differentials observed. In white participants only, greater childhood trauma exposure predicted worse baseline cognition but slower change over time. Across race, adulthood trauma robustly associated with baseline cognition. Relationships were frequently nonlinear: low but nonzero trauma predicted highest cognitive scores, with much poorer cognition observed as trauma exposure increased. Relationships between adulthood trauma and trajectory were limited to the white sample. Conclusion
Traumatic experiences, particularly in adulthood, may impact late-life cognitive health if not addressed. Findings highlight foci for clinical researchers and providers: adverse life events as a source of cognitive risk, and identification of community-specific resources that buffer behavioral, physical, and mental health sequelae of previous and incident trauma.
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