High-performance carbon@ metal oxide nanocomposites derived metal–organic framework-perovskite hybrid boosted microwave-induced catalytic degradation of norfloxacin: Performance, degradation pathway and mechanism

Herein, FeCo@C-LFCx (FeCo@C-xLaFeCoO3) materials were prepared by high-temperature carbonation based on the construction of Fe/Co metal–organic framework columns with LaCoO3 (FeCo-MOF-LFCx) by in-situ extraction and synchronous coordination growth strategy. This strategy could improve the defects of perovskite materials such as easy aggregation, poor stability and poor specific surface area. The results demonstrated that the degradation rate of FeCo@C-LFC1.0 for norfloxacin (NOR, 20 mg/L) was 93.81% within 15 min. Co-BTC column nanocolumns and spongy Fe-BTC were successfully formed. Compared with LaFeCoO3, the specific surface area (89.9 m2/g) and pore volume (0.101 cm3/g) of FeCo@C-LFC1.0 after carbonization were increased by 16.3 times and 9.2 times, respectively. FeCo@C-LFCx could produce more structural defects and coordination unsaturated sites, promote microwave absorption. Vo and C = O on the material surface were involved in the activation of PMS. Moreover, quenching experiments and EPR verified that 1O2, OH, and SO4− were the main reactive radicals in the degradation process. The FeCo@C-LFC1.0 showed excellent reusability and stability. After five experiments, the removal rate of NOR remained at 91.15%. The toxicity of intermediate products was reduced. This work provided new avenues for using FeCo@C-LFC1.0 for environmental remediation.