Optimized design and integration of energy storage in Solar-Assisted Ground-Source Heat Pump systems

Abstract The integrated use of multiple renewable energy sources to increase the efficiency of heat pump systems, such as in Solar Assisted Geothermal Heat Pumps (SAGHP), may lead to significant benefits in terms of increased efficiency and overall system performance especially in extreme climate contexts, but requires careful integrated optimization of the different system components. In particular, thermal storages take a fundamental role in optimizing the integration of renewable energy sources and the system operation. This work investigates the potential design optimization of a SAGHP system in a mountain site by exploring many different alternatives to optimize the mutual relationship between the solar field, the geothermal field and the water thermal storages. This is done through an original simulation-based multi-objective optimization framework considering energy efficiency and economic feasibility, which allows appraising the impact of the different design alternatives on the overall system performance and on the dynamics of the different system components. Results identify a set of optimized system configurations that optimize the integrated exploitation of the different thermal sources showing a potential increase of the overall system performance leading to 34% lower global cost compared to the initial design. High robustness of the optimal design solutions is reported with respect to the current context of high economic uncertainty.