氢
化学吸附
化学
化学物理
氢化物
金属
离子
氧化物
离子束
分析化学(期刊)
无机化学
物理化学
吸附
有机化学
色谱法
作者
S. M. Myers,Peter M. Richards,William R. Wampler,Flemming Besenbacher
标识
DOI:10.1016/0022-3115(89)90502-3
摘要
Abstract Experiments utilizing ion implantation and ion-beam analysis have provided a large body of new quantitative information on hydrogen interactions within metal matrices and at metal surfaces. Investigated matrix interactions include trapping by vacancies, vacancy-solute complexes, He bubbles, and oxide precipitates, together with such phase-change reactions as hydride formation, hydrogen-bubble precipitation, and hydrogen reduction of precipitated oxides. Extracted information encompasses mechanisms, binding enthalpies, microstructures, and local atomic configurations. In the area of surfaces, ion-channeling analysis has yielded the lattice positions of chemisorbed hydrogen on a variety of metals. Additionally, ion-implantation experiments have quantified surface-limited uptake and release for bare, chemisorbed, and oxidized metal surfaces. Theoretical studies coupled with the ion-beam experiments have produced advances in four areas of hydrogen behavior. First, effective-medium theory has been shown to yield a quantitative description of hydrogen energies and positions at matrix defect traps and surface chemisorption sites. Second, a new, analytical treatment of trapping kinetics gives quantitative trapping rates for arbitrary trap volume fraction and arbitrary spatial correlation between traps. Third, new theoretical studies of surface barriers have clarified the dominant processes of release for bare, chemisorbed, and oxidized metal surfaces. Finally, general transport formalisms have been developed to predict overall hydrogen behavior in terms of individual matrix and surface processes.
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