药物代谢
细胞色素P450
异型生物质的
药品
药物基因组学
新陈代谢
酶
生物化学
医学
药理学
戒毒(替代医学)
药物开发
药物遗传学
CYP2D6型
个性化医疗
生物
化学
计算生物学
精密医学
药物反应
生物信息学
药代动力学
基因
病理
替代医学
基因型
作者
Peter I. Mackenzie,Andrew A. Somogyi,John O. Miners
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.008
摘要
Metabolism facilitates the elimination, detoxification and excretion in urine or bile (as biotransformation products) of a myriad of structurally diverse drugs and other chemicals. The metabolism of drugs, non-drug xenobiotics and many endogenous compounds is catalyzed by families of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). These include the hemoprotein-containing cytochromes P450, which function predominantly as monooxygenases, and conjugation enzymes that transfer a sugar, sulfate, acetate or glutathione moiety to substrates containing a suitable acceptor functional group. Drug and chemical metabolism, especially the enzymes that catalyse these reactions, has been the research focus of several groups in Australia for over four decades. In this review, we highlight the role of recent and current drug metabolism research in Australia, including elucidation of the structure and function of enzymes from the various DME families, factors that modulate enzyme activity in humans (e.g. drug-drug interactions, gene expression and genetic polymorphism) and the application of in vitro approaches for the prediction of drug metabolism parameters in humans, along with the broader pharmacological/clinical pharmacological and toxicological significance of drug metabolism and DMEs and their relevance to drug discovery and development, and to clinical practice.
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