抗原处理
抗原呈递
抗原
主要组织相容性复合体
抗原提呈细胞
生物
细胞毒性T细胞
免疫系统
细胞生物学
MHC限制
交叉展示
免疫学
T细胞
组织蛋白酶
MHC I级
生物化学
体外
酶
标识
DOI:10.2174/1381612811319060005
摘要
Processing of antigens within antigen presenting cells (APCs) is necessary for an immune response. Two pathways exist to present antigens to T cells: the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) pathway to activate cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and the MHC II route to stimulate T helper cells (Ths). Prior to efficient antigen presentation to MHC II, antigens have to be proteolytically degraded by proteases, the cathepsins, inside the endocytic compartment of APCs. Cathepsins process both antigens and self-antigens to antigenic peptides; the latter are critical for autoimmunity. Remarkably, distribution, substrate specificity, and function of cathepsins located in the antigen processing machinery depend on the cell type, primary or cultured cells, or species analyzed. However, a precise understanding of the antigen processing and presentation machinery is needed to generate specific immune modulators since the MHC antigen- processing pathway is subsequently regulated during tumorigenesis, infection, or autoimmunity. In this review, the latest finding regarding function and regulation of the MHC II proteolytic machinery and its possible target for immunomodulation will be discussed. Keywords: Antigen processing and presentation, major histocompatibility complex, cathepsin, cathepsin-specific inhibitors, dendritic cells, B cells, immunomodulation.
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