Associations between e-cigarette use and sleep health among adults in the United States, NHANES 2015–2018

To examine the associations between e-cigarette use or dual (e-cigarette and combustible cigarette) use and short sleep duration and trouble sleeping among U.S. adults. We used 2015–2018 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 11,659). E-cigarette use and dual use were categorized as current, former, and never use. Short sleep duration was defined as sleep duration ≤6 h. Trouble sleeping was self-reported. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed. Among those with current e-cigarette use, 53.9 % were with current dual use and 23.8 % were with former dual use. Compared to never e-cigarette use, current e-cigarette use was associated with significantly higher odds of trouble sleeping (OR = 2.16, 95 % CI: 1.49–3.13), adjusting for potential confounders. Significant associations were also observed for former e-cigarette use versus never use with trouble sleeping (OR = 1.54, 95 % CI: 1.15–2.07) after full adjustment. Current cigarette use was associated with both short sleep duration (OR = 1.65, 95 % CI: 1.28–2.14) and trouble sleeping (OR = 1.36, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.79) after full adjustment. Additionally, the fully adjusted ORs for short sleep duration and trouble sleeping were 1.64 (95 % CI: 1.06–2.54) and 2.14 (95 % CI: 1.34–3.42) among those with current dual use, and 1.46 (95 % CI: 1.17–1.81) and 2.11 (95 % CI: 1.66–2.67) among those with former dual use, compared to those without dual use. Current cigarette use or dual use is associated with significantly higher odds of short sleep duration and trouble sleeping. Moreover, former e-cigarette use or dual use is associated with increased odds of trouble sleeping.