Dendrobine regulates STAT3 to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence in vascular endothelial cells triggered by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein

Abstract Our previous studies have highlighted the potential therapeutic efficacy of dendrobine, an alkaloid, in atherosclerosis (AS), nevertheless, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study employs a combination of network pharmacology and in vitro experiments to explore the regulatory pathways involved. Through network pharmacology, the biological function for intersection targets between dendrobine and AS were identified. Molecular docking was conducted to investigate the interaction between the dominant target and dendrobine. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) to mimic AS, and the effects of dendrobine on cell viability, lipid deposition, mitochondrial function, and cellular senescence were evaluated. Subsequently, cells were treated with the mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi‐1 and the STAT3 agonist colivelin to assess the role of mitophagy and STAT3 signaling in dendrobine regulation. Intersection targets were associated with biological processes, including reactive oxygen species production. Dendrobine attenuated the effects of ox‐LDL treatment on HUVECs, mitigating changes in cell activity, lipid deposition, mitochondrial function, and cellular senescence. Both Mdivi‐1 and colivelin treatments resulted in decreased cell viability and increased cellular senescence, with colivelin suppressing mitophagy. Cotreatment with Mdivi‐1 and colivelin further aggravated cellular senescence and inhibited FoxO signaling. Together, this study indicated that dendrobine regulated the STAT3/FoxO signaling pathway, alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. This study contributes valuable insights to the potential clinical application of dendrobine.