Advancements in Green Hydrogen Production from Photocatalytic Seawater Splitting

Around the globe, the significance of hydrogen is increasing every day. Currently, its usage is limited only to the industrial sectors and, in some cases, to power cars. It can be widely used in generating electricity, energy storage, and other purposes. In most commercial cases, hydrogen is produced from methane and causes emissions of greenhouse gases. Producing hydrogen gas by splitting water with the help of solar energy is a promising way to declare it as a clean and renewable energy. One-third, i.e., 71% of the earth’s surface, is filled by water. However, only 3% of the available water is fresh; it is not sustainable to use this least percentage of water for hydrogen production. Undoubtedly, rest of the water is contained in the sea, but the complex properties of seawater make it challenging to split to produce hydrogen. Significant advancements in several photocatalytic methods for seawater splitting have been made in the last few years. In this paper, photocatalytic processes of seawater splitting are discussed thoroughly. Recent developments, challenges, and future possibilities have also focused on the study.