Nanomaterials Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Applications for Pollutants Removal

As a sort of porous material with periodic network structure, metal–organic framework (MOF) is constructed with metal ions or clusters and organic ligands. Benefiting from the adjustable channel structure, abundant unsaturated metal sites and modifiable ligands, MOF has attracted more and more attention both from science and engineering perspectives in various fields. Although their intrinsic micropores endow size-selective capability and high surface area, etc., the narrow pores limit their applications toward diffusion-control and large size species involved processes. In recent years, the construction of mixed-metal MOFs and MOF films has captured widespread interest which extend the applications of conventional MOF-based materials. In this review, the advances in the design, synthesis, and functional applications of nanomaterials derived from MOF-based porous materials are summarized. Their structural characters toward applications of pollutant removal, including heavy metals, antibiotics, dyes, and some emerging pollutants from aqueous solutions, have been demonstrated with typical reports. The subsisting challenges as well as future perspectives in this research field are also indicated. Nanomaterials derived from MOFs for pollutants removal.