Integrated use of90Y-labeled microspheres and immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatic tumors: current status and future directions

⁹⁰Y-microspheres and ICIs have been employed in integrated approaches in patients with advanced HCC, liver metastases from uveal melanoma (UMLM) and colorectal cancer (CRCLM). In all cases, toxicity profile results were tolerable. A favorable impact on survival was registered for HCC and UMLM, but ⁹⁰Y-microspheres did not help sensitize microsatellite-stable CRCLM to immunotherapy. Particular caution should be paid in UMLM patients undergoing combination therapy with ipilimumab plus nivolumab. In this regard, the potential usefulness of provisional dosimetry to estimate the radiation burden delivered to the normal hepatic parenchyma has still to be fully addressed.