Recent advances in Raman spectroscopy for skin diagnosis

The skin is the largest organ in humans. It comprises about 16% of our body. Many diseases originate from the skin, including acne vulgaris, skin cancer, fungal skin disease, etc. As a common skin cancer in China, melanoma alone grows at year rate of nearly 4%. Therefore, it is crucial to develop an objective, reliable, accurate, non-invasive, and easy-to-use diagnostic method for skin diseases to support clinical decision-making. Raman spectroscopy is a highly specific imaging technique, which is sensitive, even to the single-cell level in skin diagnosis. Raman spectroscopy provides a pattern of signals with narrow bandwidths, making it a common and essential tool for researching individual characteristics of skin cells. Raman spectroscopy already has a number of clinical applications, including in thyroid, cervical and colorectal cancer. This review will introduce the advantages and recent developments in Raman spectroscopy, before focusing on the advances in skin diagnosis, including the advantages, methods, results, analysis, and notifications. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and future progress of Raman spectroscopy in the context of skin diagnosis.