Utilization of desert sand in the production of sustainable cement-based materials: A critical review

The construction industry has realized that the available natural resources are limited, and the desert sand (DS) reserves are large and not well utilized. Sustainable production thus is promoted by incorporating DS in cement-based materials (CBMs) to benefit the economy as well as the environment. The existing research showed the vast potential of using DS as a replacement for fine aggregate or supplementary cementitious materials in CBMs. This review focuses on the characteristic of DS and its influence on the mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of CBMs. Meanwhile, the technical, economic and environmental feasibility of using DS in concrete materials is discussed and compared with concrete mixed with common solid waste. From the existing research, the appropriate content of DS can improve the mechanical properties and durability of CBM by refining its microstructure. Meanwhile, the use of DS as a fine aggregate in CBM is also beneficial to the economic and environmental benefits of concrete, especially in desert areas. This review puts forward new suggestions in order to realize the further application of DS in sustainable CBMs.