Metabolome and microbiome analyses reveal the efficacy of Shen‐Fu formula in treating heart failure

Abstract Improvement of strategies to treat heart failure (HF) has been a longstanding global goal and challenge. Shen‐Fu formula (SF), as a classic herbal preparation, has demonstrated efficacy in treating HF in clinical settings. However, further understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of SF is required. In this study, metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to analyze the effects of SF on metabolic profiling and gut microbiota in HF rats. After 4 weeks of SF treatment, the cardiac function of HF rats showed improvement, with a significant increase in ejection fraction and fractional shortening, as well as a significant decrease in left ventricular volume and mass. Metabolomics study revealed that SF regulates the levels of substances related to energy metabolism, primarily involving lysophosphatidylcholines and polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, we found that SF regulates the structure of the microbial community in HF rats and modulates the balance between probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the SF combination exhibited a superior effect that was better than the use of each herb separately. These results demonstrate the potential of SF therapy in the management of HF and highlight the role of SF in regulating fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiome during HF.