Genetically-targeted Recordings from Respiratory Chemoreceptor Neurons in the Retrotrapezoid Nucleus of Freely Behaving Mice by Fiber Photometry

Central respiratory chemoreceptors regulate breathing homeostasis in relation to arterial pH/PCO 2 . Neurons located in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are considered to function as central respiratory chemoreceptors and/or to be part of the neural network that drives the central chemoreflex. RTN neurons are sensitive to changes in pH in vitro under synaptic blockade and in anesthetized preparations with artificial ventilation. However, there is limited information about their activity in vivo in non-anesthetized conditions. Recent studies have shown that Nmb-expressing neurons in the RTN have acid-sensitive properties and are necessary for the respiratory response to CO 2 . In this study, we hypothesized that RTN- Nmb neurons are activated during hypercapnia in freely behaving condition. To test this hypothesis, we measured the dynamic activity of RTN neurons using a genetically encoded calcium indicator (GCaMP7s) via fiber photometry in non-anesthetized mice. Expression of GCaMP7s was genetically targeted to RTN neurons by microinjection of a Cre-dependent viral vector (AAV 1 -Syn-Flex-jGCAMP7s) in transgenic Nmb-Cre mice. One month later, the animals were placed in a plethysmography chamber to simultaneously record breathing and GCaMP7s fluorescence from RTN- Nmb neurons in freely behaving conditions. During hypercapnia, RTN neurons were markedly activated, and the effect size was graded to F I CO 2 (DF/F 0 from baseline: 1.9 ± 1.0 % at 0.03, 8.0 ± 4.0% at 0.06 and 12.0 ± 5.0% at 0.09, n=6), and significantly different for each level of CO 2 (RM One-way ANOVA, p=0.0012). Importantly, the increase in RTN neuron activity correlates with changes in the F I CO 2 (p<0.0001, R 2 =0.97) and respiratory frequency (p<0.0001, R 2 =0.85). This study shows that RTN neurons are potently activated by hypercapnia in freely behaving conditions, and the response of RTN neurons to CO 2 aligns with changes in breathing. These results are consistent with the concept that RTN neurons monitor arterial PCO 2 /pH and are essential for the hypercapnic ventilatory response. This study was supported by National Institutes of Health (HL148004 ) to Stephen BG Abbott. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.