Heritage in fragments: on spolia and other forms of preservation of architectural fragments through reuse

This paper elaborates on the reuse of architectural fragments in new constructions as a strategy for the conservation of cultural heritage. The ancient practice of spolia is used as a frame of reference to analyze contemporary reflections and examples. The introduction reflects on the tension between the practice of spolia and heritage conservation. Next, a review of relevant literature is presented, including sources from different disciplinary backgrounds, like heritage conservation, architectural history, architectural theory, and interior architecture. Furthermore, two precedent-setting studies are investigated: the decomposition of the interiors of the Generale Bank in Brussels (Belgium) by Rotor and the reuse of its fragments in new projects, and the Lin'an History Museum in Hangzhou, China by Amateur Architecture Studio. The following research questions steered the investigations: (1) what is the origin of the spolia? (2) how are the spolia reintegrated into a new building? (3) is the heritage embedded in the spoliated fragment transferred to or appropriated by the new host? A final reflection highlights gaps in the literature study and proposes directions for future research.