环面
物理
偶极子
环面
磁偶极子
超材料
量子电动力学
激发
计算物理学
光学
等离子体
量子力学
几何学
数学
作者
Nikitas Papasimakis,V.A. Fedotov,Vassili Savinov,Timothy Raybould,Nikolay I. Zheludev
出处
期刊:Nature Materials
[Springer Nature]
日期:2016-02-24
卷期号:15 (3): 263-271
被引量:455
摘要
The toroidal dipole is a localized electromagnetic excitation, distinct from the magnetic and electric dipoles. While the electric dipole can be understood as a pair of opposite charges and the magnetic dipole as a current loop, the toroidal dipole corresponds to currents flowing on the surface of a torus. Toroidal dipoles provide physically significant contributions to the basic characteristics of matter including absorption, dispersion and optical activity. Toroidal excitations also exist in free space as spatially and temporally localized electromagnetic pulses propagating at the speed of light and interacting with matter. We review recent experimental observations of resonant toroidal dipole excitations in metamaterials and the discovery of anapoles, non-radiating charge-current configurations involving toroidal dipoles. While certain fundamental and practical aspects of toroidal electrodynamics remain open for the moment, we envision that exploitation of toroidal excitations can have important implications for the fields of photonics, sensing, energy and information.
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