House dust mite allergen Der f 2 drives IL-6 and GM–CSF expression in airway epithelial cells via p38 MAPK/NF-κB signaling

Objective Der f 2, a major allergen derived from Dermatophagoides farinae, is a leading cause of allergic asthma. IL-6 and GM-CSF play essential roles in the exacerbation of asthma. However, the mechanical act by which Der f 2 mediates the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in airway epithelial cells remains incompletely elucidated. Herein, we aimed to explore the effect of Der f 2 on IL-6 and GM-CSF expression in the human airway epithelial cell BEAS-2B and A549.