Magnetic metal–organic framework composites for environmental monitoring and remediation

Environmental pollution remains one of the topical issues confronting scientist in the 21st century. The deployment of appropriate technology is among the promising routes of curbing the anthropogenic menace. Magnetic metal–organic framework (MMOF) composites, a combination of metal–organic frameworks and magnetic metal nanoparticles, results in the formation of composite materials with outstanding synergy properties that have been harnessed in several studies for environmental mitigation. In this review, the detrimental effects of pollution on man and the environment are brought to the fore. The general methods for synthesizing MMOF composites and the classification of MMOF composites based on their composition with appropriate examples are highlighted. In-depth analysis of physicochemical properties of MMOF composites that are harnessed for the detection and remediation of environmental contaminants and are discussed. Furthermore, the practical applications of these auspicious composites to detect some environmental pollutants and remediate their effects on the environment are extensively explored. Finally, the new frontiers and prospects of MMOF composites in global environmental pollution mitigation is presented.