Growth of 2D-layered double hydroxide nanorods heterojunctions with 2D tungsten carbide nanocomposite: An improving the electrochemical sensing in norfloxacin monitoring

• NiCo-LDH is prepared through facile hydrothermal process. • NiCo-LDH ultrasonically treated with tungsten carbide (WC) forming a composite. • The WC (2D) integrated with NiCo-LDH (2D) provides excellent active sites for norfloxacin (NRF) detection. • The LOD was about DPV=0.005 µM and i-t = 0.002 µM, with a sensitivity of DPV=6.53 and i-t = 40.81 μA/μM/cm 2 . • The real sample sensing with the WC@NiCo-LDH electrode exhibited good recovery results of NRF. The potential impact of antibiotics in water environments on aquatic organisms, microbial community structure, and resistance genes. In this work, we report on the two-dimensional (2D) tungsten carbide (WC) nanoparticles on three-dimensional (3D) self-assembled nanorods structured nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) with the interlayer anion with CO 3 2- prop through hydrothermal route for the electrochemical determination of norfloxacin (NRF). The synergistic impact between the dual active components of the produced electrode accelerates increased active surface area, offers high electrical conductivity, and prompts mass and ion diffusion, resulting in an improved electrochemical performance for NRF monitoring. In ideal conditions, WC@NiCo-LDH modified electrode exhibited enhanced electrochemical characteristics, for instance wide linear response at DPV= 0.02–83.4 µM and in i-t = 0.002–346 µM, lower detection limit (LOD) in DPV=0.005 µM and i-t = 0.002 µM. Furthermore, virtuous operational, cycle stabilities, and good reproducibility. The practical applications in real-world samples with acceptable recovery ranges can be verified through interference-free sensing of NRF.