Proteomics in Human Reproduction

Background: Assisted Reproduction Techniques (ART) have significantly advanced since the first successful In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). However, most in vitro–produced embryos fail to implant. Key steps in ART are the correct infertility diagnosis, in order to manage the individualised treatments, and the assessment of gamete and embryo viability, to identify the embryo with the best implantation potential. Objective: The goal for this manuscript was to present a brief review of proteomics in Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ART) and raises the question of whether proteomics is a good alternative for the future of ART. Methods: A literature review concerning proteomics and assisted reproduction was conducted. Results: Non-invasive approaches to correctly diagnose infertility and to access embryo development potential have the advantages of increasing our knowledge about embryo physiology, therefore allowing the development of methods to predict developmental competence and viability. These approaches include proteomic profiling and other omics technologies. Conclusion: The use of proteomics in clinical practice goes beyond the identification of the oocytes and embryos with the best developmental potentials, it may add to the diagnosis of both male and female infertility and in the future, it may be a laboratory tool that will contribute to the birth of a healthy child. Keywords: Proteomics, oocyte, embryo quality, male infertility, assisted reproduction techniques, IVF.