Review on influence factors and prevention control technologies of lithium-ion battery energy storage safety

The development of new energy technology can effectively reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy sources and promoting the transformation of energy supply. However, the intermittent, fluctuating, and instability problems inherent in new energy generation can also cause a major impact on the security of grid systems. Energy storage technology is an effective measure to consume and save new energy generation, and can solve the problem of energy mismatch and imbalance in time and space. It is well known that lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in electrochemical energy storage technology due to their excellent electrochemical performance. As the LIBs energy density is become more and more demanding, the potential electrode material failure and external induced risks also increase. Such as the thermal-electrical-chemical abuses led to safety accidents is increasing, which is a serious challenge for large-scale commercial application of electrochemical energy storage power stations (EESS). Therefore, this paper summarizes the safety and protection objectives of EESS, include the intrinsic safety factors caused by battery failures, electrical failures, poor operation management, and design flaws in EESS, as well as protection measures such as battery thermal management techniques and management system warning techniques. Finally, a summary and analysis of the current state of development of suppression and fire extinguishing technology in thermal runaway and propagation for EESS. It is expected to provide some suggestions and prospects for the development of safety protection technology of EESS in the future.