Impact of drying techniques on the composition, physicochemical attributes, antioxidant capacity, antidiabetic potential, and ACE inhibition properties of Moringa oleifera pod pulp powder

Moringa oleifera, a medicinal plant of considerable interest, has been extensively studied for its leaves' functional properties, while its pods have received relatively less attention, despite being widely consumed in India and other regions. This study investigates the effect of various drying methods on the crude composition, color, ascorbic acid content, water solubility, water absorption, total phenol content, total flavonoid content, and in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Moringa pod pulp powder (MPP). The study reveals significant variations in the proximate composition, color attributes, and bioactive compounds of MPP resulting from freeze drying, microwave drying, oven drying, and sun drying methods. Freeze drying preserves the highest moisture content, while oven drying results in the lowest. Carbohydrate, protein, fat, ash, and crude fiber contents remain consistent across all drying methods, confirming MPP's nutritional value. Furthermore, freeze drying leads to higher ascorbic acid retention, highlighting its effectiveness in preserving this essential vitamin. The study demonstrates that freeze drying enhances water solubility, water absorption, total phenol content, and total flavonoid content in MPP. Notably, freeze dried MPP exhibits the highest in vitro antioxidant activity and antidiabetic potential, with significant α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and ACE inhibition properties. The findings underscore the importance of drying methods in preserving the quality and bioactive compounds of MPP, making it a valuable ingredient for various applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries.