Fault location algorithm for distribution systems with distributed generation based on impedance and metaheuristic methods

The growing penetration of distributed generators results in a bidirectional power flow in electrical power systems, especially in distribution systems. In this context, technologies and applications already developed and consolidated aimed at the operation and protection of methods should be reassessed. In this context, this research proposes developing a fault location algorithm for distribution systems with distributed generation. The main objective is to estimate the fault distance and fault resistance. The implemented algorithm consists of using meters present in the distribution system, such as, for example, in the substation and next to the distributed generators, to calculate from the system impedance information, and using a meta-heuristic algorithm, the resistance and the distance of the short-circuit. The methodology developed brings a differential in estimating the distance and resistance of the fault in parallel using meta-heuristic algorithms, using a relatively simple methodology that does not require the calculation of load flows in the system. Several sensitivity tests were considered in evaluating the proposed methodology, such as changes in the type, application position, fault resistance, post-fault data window considered, variation in the quantity and placement of allocated distributed generators, and the impact of the lack of synchronism between the data used. The results obtained are promising for estimating fault distance and fault resistance.