Barriers and Facilitators for Bringing Model‐Informed Precision Dosing to the Patient's Bedside: A Systematic Review

Model-informed precision dosing (MIPD) utilizes mathematical models to predict optimal medication doses for a specific patient or patient population. However, the factors influencing the implementation of MIPD have not been fully elucidated, hindering its widespread use in clinical practice. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed from inception to December 2022, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators for the implementation of MIPD into patient care. Articles with a focus on implementation of MIPD were eligible for this review. After screening titles and abstracts, full articles investigating the clinical implementation of MIPD were included for data extraction. Of 790 records identified, 15 publications were included. A total of 72 barriers and facilitators across seven categories were extracted through a hybrid thematic analysis. Barriers comprised limited data for model validation, unclear regulatory pathways for model endorsement and additional drug level measurements required for certain types of MIPD. Facilitators encompassed the development of user-friendly MIPD tools continuously updated based on user feedback and data. Collaborative efforts among diverse stakeholders for model validation and implementation, along with education of end-users, may promote the utilization of MIPD in patient care. Despite ongoing challenges, this systematic review revealed various strategies to facilitate the clinical implementation of MIPD.