The Use of Cerium Compounds as Antimicrobials for Biomedical Applications

硝酸铈 氧化铈 抗菌剂 抗真菌 化学 纳米技术 磺胺嘧啶银 组合化学 材料科学 医学 有机化学 生物 微生物学 氧化物 伤口愈合 外科
作者
E. Krajewska,Joanna Shepherd,Ílida Ortega Asencio
出处
期刊:Molecules [MDPI AG]
卷期号:27 (9): 2678-2678 被引量:47
标识
DOI:10.3390/molecules27092678
摘要

Cerium and its derivatives have been used as remedies for wounds since the early 20th century. Cerium nitrate has attracted most attention in the treatment of deep burns, followed later by reports of its antimicrobial properties. Its ability to mimic and replace calcium is presumed to be a major mechanism of its beneficial action. However, despite some encouraging results, the overall data are somewhat confusing with seemingly the same compounds yielding opposing results. Despite this, cerium nitrate is currently used in wound treatment in combination with silver sulfadiazine as Flammacérium. Cerium oxide, especially in nanoparticle form (Nanoceria), has lately captured much interest due to its antibacterial properties mediated via oxidative stress, leading to an increase of published reports. The properties of Nanoceria depend on the synthesis method, their shape and size. Recently, the green synthesis route has gained a lot of interest as an alternative environmentally friendly method, resulting in production of effective antimicrobial and antifungal nanoparticles. Unfortunately, as is the case with antibiotics, emerging bacterial resistance against cerium-derived nanoparticles is a growing concern, especially in the case of bacterial biofilm. However, diverse strategies resulting from better understanding of the biology of cerium are promising. The aim of this paper is to present the progress to date in the use of cerium compounds as antimicrobials in clinical applications (in particular wound healing) and to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of cerium at both the cellular and molecular level.
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