The Systems Approach

The review attempts to compare different points of view on the essence of the systems approach, describe the terminological confusion around it and analyse the numerous definitions of system. It is shown that the vagueness and ambiguity of the concept of the systems approach is manifested in the use of a number of terms which are similar in meaning and close in sound to it. It is proposed to divide the existing definitions of system into descriptive and formal ones. The concepts included in the descriptive definitions, as well as the numerous synonymous terms denoting them, are divided into five conceptual-terminological groups that differ in their content and logical meaning. The meanings of such concepts as minimal constituent parts, emergence, environment, boundaries, purpose, functions of system and systems hierarchy are revealed. Some uses of the concept in knowledge organization are mentioned. The problem of systems classification is touched upon. Separate sections are devoted to the highlights of the history of the systems approach, its criticism and the significance. Particular attention is paid to criticism of the mathematization of the systems approach. Possible reasons for the decline in interest in the systems approach are identified. It is concluded that the systems approach helps to find new ways to solve scientific and practical problems.