Risk of Dementia in Adults With ADHD: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan

This study aimed to investigate the association between adults with ADHD and the risk of developing dementia.Utilizing National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, ADHD patients were identified and compared with age- and gender-matched controls (1:3).Of the study participants, 37 (5.48%) developed dementia compared with 81 (4.0%) in the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the study participants were more likely to develop dementia. The crude hazard ratio (HR) is 3.418 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [2.289, 5.106], p < .001), and adjusted HR is 4.008 (95% CI = [2.526, 6.361], p < .001) in risk of developing dementia after adjusted for age, gender, comorbidities, geographical area of residence, urbanization level of residence, and monthly income.Adults with ADHD have a 3.4-fold risk of developing dementia, and other large or national data sets should be explored to support the current findings.