Progress in electrochemical lithium ion pumping for lithium recovery

Accelerating the development of lithium resources has attracted a great deal of attention with the explosive growth of new energy vehicles. As a new technology, electrochemical lithium ion pumping (ELIP) is featured by environment–friendly, low energy consumption and high efficiency. This review summarizes the research progress in ELIP, and focuses on the evaluation methods, electrode materials and electrochemical systems of ELIP. It can be concluded that ELIP is expected to achieve an industrial application and has a promising prospect. In addition, challenges and perspective of electrochemical lithium extraction are also highlighted.