OAM Beams Generation Technology in Optical Fiber: A Review

In optical fiber, the Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) mode is a special mode with spatially infinite orthogonality. It provides a new multiplexing method to the communication capacity shortage problem and solves the complexity and high energy loss of OAM beams in space. In the past few years, lots of researchers studied OAM generation technology, including phase element coupling method, fiber grating method, optical coupling conversion method, and photonic crystal fiber method. This article provides a comprehensive review of the basic principles of OAM fiber design, the generation technology of OAM beams in optical fibers, and finally discusses the challenges and application prospects. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference and guidance for related experiments of OAM beams in the future.