Fluorine‐Containing Polymers, Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)

Abstract This article reviews the preparation, properties, and uses of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF or PVF 2 ), including preparation of 1,1‐difluoroethene or vinylidene fluoride (VDF or ), and commercially important copolymers of VDF with other fluorinated comonomers. PVDF is commercially produced by free‐radical‐initiated polymerization of VDF in emulsion or suspension. It has the characteristic resistance of fluoropolymers to harsh chemical, thermal, ultraviolet, weathering, and oxidizing environments. PVDF has exceptional resistance to high energy radiation. PVDF has high mechanical and impact strength, and excellent resistance to both creep under long‐term stress and fatigue. Structure and polymorphism of PVDF chains are reviewed. Thermodynamic compatibility of PVDF with other polymers and its solubility are reviewed. Fabrication and processing methods including extrusion, molding, coextrusion, and organosol dispersions are reviewed. Health and safety aspects of PVDF are outlined. Economic aspects of PVDF and cost are discussed. PVDF uses include long‐life exterior architectural finishes, wire and cable uses, fluid handling systems, microporous membranes, and piezoelectric and pyroelectric applications.