Accuracy of implant placement with a combined use of static and dynamic computer‐assisted implant surgery in single tooth space: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective To compare implant accuracy of combined static and dynamic (SD) computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) with static (S), dynamic (D) CAIS, and freehand surgery (FH) for single implant placement. Materials and Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomized into four groups. Implants were placed using both stereolithographic surgical guide and dynamic navigation in the SD group, stereolithographic surgical guide in S group, dynamic navigation in D group, and conventional freehand in FH group. Analysis of deviation between planned and final implant position, as well as K means analysis was conducted for implant deviation at platform, apex, and angle (primary outcomes) and directional distribution at platform and apex (secondary outcome). Results Significant differences were found among the four groups ( p < .001): The 3D deviation at the platform (mm) of SD, S, D, and FH groups was 0.62 ± 0.50, 1.06 ± 0.67, 1.02 ± 0.45, and 1.48 ± 0.68, respectively, at apex (mm) was 0.75 ± 0.57, 1.40 ± 0.71, 1.28 ± 0.50, and 2.18 ± 0.95, respectively, and angle (degrees) was 1.24 ± 1.41, 3.18 ± 2.04, 3.28 ± 1.57, and 7.50 ± 4.06, respectively. Deviation at the platform of FH group was significantly more toward mesial ( p = .026) and coronal ( p = .014) direction, while at the apex, toward distal ( p = .004) and lingual ( p = .002) than SD group. Conclusion The use of combined static and dynamic CAIS provided significantly higher accuracy than the two alone and freehand surgery for single implant placement.