Nanotechnology-based analytical techniques for the detection of contaminants in aquatic products

Food safety of aquatic products has attracted considerable attention worldwide. Although a series of conventional bioassays and instrumental methods have been developed for the detection of pathogenic bacteria, heavy metal residues, marine toxins, and biogenic amines during the production and storage of fish, shrimp, crabs et al., the nanotechnology-based analyses still have their advantages and are promising since they are cost-efficient, highly sensitive and selective, easy to conduct, facial design, often require no sophisticated instruments but with excellent detection performance. This review aims to summarize the advances of various biosensing strategies for bacteria, metal ions, and small molecule contaminants in aquatic products during the last five years, The review highlights the development in nanotechnologies applied for biorecognition process, signal transduction and amplification methods in each novel approach, the nuclease-mediated DNA amplification, nanomaterials (noble metal nanoparticle, metal-organic frameworks, carbon dots), lateral flow-based biosensor, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, microfluidic chip, and molecular imprinting technologies were especially emphasized. Moreover, this study provides a view of current accomplishments, challenges, and future development directions of nanotechnology in aquatic product safety evaluation.