Aromatase inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer: An overview (2019–2023)

Aromatase inhibition is considered a legitimate approach for the treatment of ER-positive (ER + ) breast cancer as it accounts for more than 70 % of breast cancer cases. Aromatase inhibitor therapy has been demonstrated to be highly effective in decreasing tumour size, increasing survival rates, and lowering the chance of cancer recurrence. The present review deliberates the pathophysiology of aromatase and the role of aromatase in estrogen biosynthesis from the literature review. Estrogen biosynthesis, various androgens, and their function in the human body have been discussed. The salient aspects of the aromatase active site, its mode of action, and AIs, along with their intended interactions with presently FDA-approved inhibitors, have been briefly discussed. It has been detailed how different reported AIs were designed, their SAR investigations, in silico analysis, and biological evaluations. Various AIs from multiple origins, such as synthetic and semi-synthetic, have also been discussed.